Progressive failure of functional capacities of kidneys is referred to as chronic kidney disease. Causative factors include genetic disorders; some injury or overreaction to some drugs; and diseases like glomerulonephritis, kidney stones, prostate disease, pin worm infestation of kidney, vasculitis, polycystic kidney disease and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Hypertension and diabetes increases the risk factors.
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It is usually asymptomatic in initial stages. From stage 3 of the disease symptoms that appear include increase or decrease in the frequency of urination; urgency to urinate at night; edema of face, hands or legs; fatigue; epidermal rashes or itching due to deposition of waste material in blood; loss of appetite and a metallic taste in the mouth due to uremia; hyperphosphatemia; hypocalcemia; pain in bones and chest; and accumulation of fluid in the lungs causing shortness of breath.
Treatment of chronic kidney disease varies according to the stage of the disease:
Stage 1
At stage 1 treatment involves medications for hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol levels. Dietary changes are done to lower sodium, sugar and protein consumption. Whole grains, fruits and vegetables, optimal calories and fiber supplements are inculcated in the diet. Patients are advised against smoking and alcohol consumption. Regular exercising to maintain optimal weight and health is recommended. Herbs like astragalus, basil, dandelion, Gokshura and cranberry juice serve as some natural therapies for retarding progression of the disease.
Stage 2
At stage 2 along with medications for hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol levels dietary modifications, herbal therapies and alternative treatments are used. Diet includes whole grains; low potassium fruits and vegetables; restricted protein; optimal calories; ample vitamin C and D and a fiber supplement. Herbs like Lei Gong Teng, carob herbs and bilberry juice, and cherry flower stalks or dry fruit are beneficial natural agents for enhancing health of the ailing kidneys. Acupuncture and yoga serve as alternative therapies to revitalize the kidneys.
Stage 3
At stage 3, along with the above medications nutritional supplements are given to control anemia. Dietary changes bring about substantial improvement in the health of the patients and delay progression of the disease. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and other natural herbal therapies help to delay reaching the stage of dialysis.
Stage 4
Treatment at stage 4 involves medications to control diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. Nutritional supplements are given to control anemia. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) are used commonly to retard progression to stage 5. Dietary changes, lifestyle modifications and herbal remedies bring about relief to the symptoms. At this stage the patients are prepared for their choice of treatment i.e. dialysis or transplantation in case their condition worsens.
Stage 5
At stage 5, complete renal failure has taken place and the treatment options are either dialysis or kidney transplantation. The patient either opts for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Once a healthy kidney is transplanted it does the job of two kidneys. Dialysis is required no more but medicines are given to avoid rejection of the transplanted kidney. Conservative kidney management, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy or Immunotherapy are also used as alternatives.
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